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INDEX >> NEWS >> Basic Structure of Railway Vechile - Coupler Buffer Device

Coupler buffer device for the railway vehicle and the railway wagon, motorcycle or motor car interconnected hanging, passing traction, braking power and ease longitudinal impact force of the railway vehicle parts. It consists of coupler, buffer coupler yoke, and other components from the board as a whole, installed in a railway vehicle traction beam end architecture. In order to ensure safe and reliable railway vehicle coupler Coupling buffer device installed interchangeability, China's relevant regulations prescribed railway railway vehicles: After loading buffer coupler, coupler knuckle horizontal centerline of its surface height from the rail in the empty state , buses to 880mm (allowing + 10mm, -5mm error), trucks for 880mm (± 10mm). Coupler horizontal centerline of two adjacent railway vehicles shall be greater than the maximum height difference of 75mm.

Let me talk about the coupler. Coupler is used to achieve locomotives and railway vehicles or between a railway vehicle and the railway vehicle even hang pass traction and impact, and to maintain a certain distance between the railway vehicle components railway vehicles. Coupler according to open the way into the acting and the role of two. Open car hook by lifting mechanism called the head of the Department of the acting (usually trucks were powered by this type); With Hook the lower head ejector lever action to achieve open called under-acting (Passenger Cars). Coupler into its spiral structure type coupler, Tightlock automatic couplers, automatic couplers and rotary coupler and so on. The earliest use of the spiral coupler, but many shortcomings have been eliminated, and more Tightlock automatic couplers used for high-speed railway railway vehicles. China In addition to using the rotary coupler on the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway overloaded unit train outside, now all use automatic couplers. The so-called automatic coupler, the coupler is the first mention of a lift lever, and then pull the railway vehicle or motorcycle collision with another railway vehicle coupler, the coupler can be done automatically pick institution or linked to action. Chinese railway sector in 1956 to determine the No. 1 and 2 coupler is standard coupler. But with the improvement and increase train speed traction tonnage, but also in 1957,1965 years has designed and manufactured on the 15th and the 13th coupler coupler. Bus coupler using the 15th, with the 13th truck then gradually replace the 2nd coupler coupler.

Diagram of the tri-state role coupler coupler consists of three parts hook, hook body, hook tail composed of thick part is called the front coupler hook in the hook that has the knuckle, knuckle pins, locking pins mention, knuckle push iron and iron hook lock. Rear coupler called hook tail, tail on the hook with a vertical flat keyhole opening to the coupler yoke links. In order to achieve the hook or off hook, attach or detach the railway vehicle, the coupler has the following three positions, that is, three-state coupler: locking position - knuckle coupler hook lock iron block can not be transferred outside the open position. Two railway vehicles connected to the coupler to hang together in such a position. Unlocked position - namely iron hook lock is lifted, as long as the subject knuckle tension can turn out the open position. When off the hook, as long as one of the coupler is in the unlocked position, you can put two cars together even hang separately. The fully open position - that turn out completely knuckle open position. When the two railway vehicles need even when hanging, as long as one of the coupler in the fully open position, the hook after a collision with another car can not even hang. Rotary coupler structure different from ordinary coupler, tail hook opened a keyhole, turn the hitch pin and hook the tail end of the connection box. Hook end of the surface is a sphere, with the top tight in front of a concave spherical from the board. When subjected to twisting moment hook, hook themselves together with cotter pin and turn the sleeve to rotate together. Rotary coupler now only designed for installation on the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway coal train design unit combination railway vehicles. This railway vehicle is fitted at one end rotary coupler, the other end of the installation of fixed coupler, two couplers connected on the whole train in each pairwise with each other. When fully loaded coal into the overturned railway vehicle seat unloading zone dumper drive railway vehicle flipped 180 degrees, the coal poured out. Rotary coupler can flip the railway vehicle when unloading continuous operation without uncoupling shorten the operation time of discharge. Tightlock coupler is generally in high-speed railway and underground railway railway vehicle use. Its small size, light weight, even after two coupler hang relatively small amount of movement in all directions, can achieve real "close contact"; same time, to improve the brake hoses, electrical connectors automatic docking of reliability is extremely beneficial.

Buffer to cushion train locomotives in operation due to changes in traction or in starting, braking and shunting operation of the railway vehicle caused by collision between longitudinal impact and vibration. Buffer has the function of dissipation of shock and vibration between the railway vehicle, thereby reducing the damaging effects on the body structure and loading cargo. The working principle of the buffer by means of the compression force of the elastic member to absorb the impact, while the use of friction and damping of the elastic member to absorb impact energy during deformation. According to structural characteristics and working principle of the buffer, the buffer can generally be divided into: friction buffer, rubber shock absorber and hydraulic buffers. Friction buffers, the latter two parts by the front, the front helical spring (passenger car) or a spring ring (lorries), the rear of inner and outer springs, with each tapered surface cooperates with the spring seat between the two portions plate separation. To ease the impact force of the coil spring, two sliding bevel friction ring between the spring acts to absorb the energy. When the buffer by the force of the compression, so that the rings pressed against each other, when the outer ring of the spring is stored in the most of the impact energy; same time due to the friction between a portion of the impact energy into heat energy between the inner and outer ring spring slope . When the force is removed, and generate friction between the ring spring, the part of the energy storage once again transformed into friction heat and dissipated, and thus play a role in cushioning and damping. The head portion of the rubber buffer for friction wedge, composed of three identical shape and with a tilt angle of the wedge, head and other parts of the box, and the box between the wedge between the indenter, the entire buffer enclosed in cabinets. With the rubber buffer is friction and elastic deformation of the rubber molecules play a role in easing the impact and energy consumption. In order to increase the buffer capacity of the friction portion at the head with a metal, with the aid of the energy of the three wedge angle, in the pressure contact with the relative displacement between the housing and the inclined pressure head, due to friction and impact consumed .